نامه انسان‌شناسی

نامه انسان‌شناسی

مراقبانه زیستن و به تشویش نگریستن به رنجی مداوم: یک مردم‌نگاریِ رِوایی در میان مراقبان بازماندگان سکتة مغزی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه انسان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 گروه انسان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران.، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
3 گروه انسان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/jasi.2026.2086284.1617
چکیده
سکته‌ی مغزی به عنوان یکی از از مهم‌ترین علت ل مرگ‌ومیر و معلولیت در جهان و در ایران، رایج‌ترین علت معلولیت بزرگسالان است؛ وضعیتی که افراد را به دریافت مراقبت‌های طولانی‌مدت وابسته می‌کند و بار آن عمدتاً بر دوش مراقبان غیررسمی، یعنی اعضای خانواده و منسوبین نزدیک، قرار می‌گیرد. با وجود اهمیت این نقش، تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی مراقبان و دگرگونی‌هایی که مراقبت در نظم و ترتیبات زندگی آنان ایجاد می‌کند، کمتر به‌مثابه پدیده‌ای مستقل مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش فهم تجربه‌ی مراقبت از بازماندگان سکته‌ی مغزی و واکاوی نحوه‌ی دگرگونی زمان، معنا و هویت در خلال این تجربه است. از حیث روش شناسی، این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از روش مردم‌نگاری روایی انجام شده و داده‌های آن حاصل مشاهدات مشارکتی و مصاحبه‌های رِوایی نیمه‌ساخت‌یافته با افرادی است که تجربه‌ی مراقبت از فردی بازمانده از سکته را دارند. یافته‌های این پژوهش، بر پایه‌ی تحلیل روایت‌ها و مشاهدات، نشان می‌دهند که تجربه‌ی مراقبت را می‌توان با مضامینی چون درهم‌ریزی نظم و ریتم زندگی در قالب «زمان معلق»، مواجهه با اشکال مختلف «فقدان مبهم»، و فرایندهای استقرار و تثبیت در نقش مراقب صورت‌بندی کرد. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که مراقبت مستمر نه‌تنها بار جسمانی و روانی قابل‌توجهی بر مراقبان تحمیل می‌کند، بلکه به بازتعریف موقعیت، هویت و افق‌های زیستن آنان می‌انجامد. این مطالعه پژوهش با تمرکز بر تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی مراقبان، فهمی عمیق‌تر و انسان شناختی تر از منطق مراقبت در بستر زندگی روزمره ارائه می‌دهد و به سهم خود می‌تواند به سیاست‌گذاری‌های حمایتی یاری رساند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Care-Full Living and Anxiously Regarding Enduring Suffering: A Narrative Ethnography among Caregivers of Stroke Survivors in Iran

نویسندگان English

ali akherati 1
AbouAli Vedadhir 2
Zohreh Anvari 3
1 Anthropology Dep., social science Faculty, Tehran University, ،Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Anthropology Dep., Social science Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide and the most common cause of adult disability in Iran. Its consequences extend beyond survivors, profoundly affecting family members and significant others. In many cases, responsibility for care falls on informal caregivers, particularly relatives. Although extensive research has examined caregiver burden and its physical and psychological effects, caregiving itself has received less attention as a relational and moral phenomenon. This study explores the lived experiences of family caregivers of stroke survivors, focusing on how caregiving transforms time, meaning, identity, and social relations. Adopting a narrative ethnographic approach within medical anthropology, the study draws on participant observation, semi-structured interviews with ten primary caregivers, and sustained engagement in caregiving settings. Narrative-interpretive analysis identifies three major themes. The first is suspended time, in which ordinary rhythms of everyday life are disrupted and caregivers inhabit an extended, exhausting present. The second is ambiguous loss, whereby caregivers confront the presence of a loved one who remains physically alive but is no longer the person they once knew. The third is becoming a caregiver, a process through which caregiving gradually becomes a central component of identity. The findings show that kinship obligations, moral commitments, and social expectations play a crucial role in sustaining caregiving practices. This study argues that care is not merely a set of practical activities undertaken in response to illness; rather, it constitutes a mode of engagement with vulnerability, suffering, and moral responsibility. On this basis, the concept of Care-Full Living is proposed as a conceptual horizon through which caregiving can be understood not simply as a response to crisis but as a way of being in the world emerging through sustained encounters with vulnerability, suffering, and responsibility.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Care
Care-Full Living
Informal Caregivers
Narrative Ethnography
Stroke
منابع فارسی
ستوده، فاطمه (۱۴۰۳). ما ایوب نبودیم. تهران: اطراف.
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