Each socio-political structure has its own hierarchy of power. The tribal structure as one of the most important traditional structures of Iran has also had its own hierarchy of power. The Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad tribes, as one of the most important and oldest tribes in the south of Iran, have yet been less studied and historically analyzed. The purpose of this article is to analyze the structure of political power in the traditional context of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad tribes from the perspective of historical sociology. Kohgiluyeh tribes include six tribes of Boyer-Ahmad, Basht and Bavi, Bahmaei, Charam, Taybi and Deshman-e-Ziari. The method of this article was a combination of documentary methods based on library resources and field research and the researchers' life experience. Based on the research findings, it can be said that social organization and stratification in this tribe is based on kinship nervousness, severe gender inequality and attributional characteristics and a kind of relatively static social mobility. The structure of power is based on a kind of hierarchical organizational pyramid, which respectively, from the base to the top of the pyramid includes: tribal people, elders, kadkhodians, khans. The nature of hierarchical command-obedience based on the influence of superiors and respect to them along with tribute to the lower classes.